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Article 19 Of Indian Constitution In English
Article 19 – Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc.
(1) All citizens shall have the right
(a) to freedom of speech and expression;
(b) to assemble peaceably and without arms;
(c) to form associations or unions;
(d) to move freely throughout the territory of India;
(e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and
(f) omitted
(g) to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
(2) Nothing in sub clause (a) of clause ( 1 ) shall affect the operation of any existing law, or prevent the State from making any law, in so far as such law imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub clause in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.
(3) Nothing in sub clause (b) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India or public order, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub clause.
(4) Nothing in sub clause (c) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India or public order or morality, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub clause.
(5) Nothing in sub clauses (d) and (e) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of any of the rights conferred by the said sub clauses either in the interests of the general public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe.
(6) Nothing in sub clause (g) of the said clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, in the interests of the general public, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right conferred by the said sub clause, and, in particular, nothing in the said sub clause shall affect the operation of any existing law in so far as it relates to, or prevent the State from making any law relating to,
(i) the professional or technical qualifications necessary for practising any profession or carrying on any occupation, trade or business, or
(ii) the carrying on by the State, or by a corporation owned or controlled by the State, of any trade, business, industry or service, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of citizens or otherwise.
Article 19 In English
19 Article – Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc.
(1) All citizens shall have the right
(a) to freedom of speech and expression;
(b) to assemble peaceably and without arms;
(c) to form associations or unions;
(d) to move freely throughout the territory of India;
(e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and
(f) omitted
(g) to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Note- All the things mentioned in this have been taken from the Indian Constitution itself. That is, it is the word of the constitution.
What Is Article 19 Of Indian Constitution?
In Article 19 you see “Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc” that means All citizens shall have the right, to freedom of speech and expression; to assemble peaceably and without arms; to form associations or unions; to move freely throughout the territory of India; to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and omitted, to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Article 19 Debate Summary
The draft Article 13 (Article 19, Constitution of India 1950) was debated on 1 December 1948, 2 December 1948, 16 October 1949 and 17 October 1949. It stipulated the right to certain liberties with certain restrictions. The members mainly discussed the restrictions imposed on the exercise of the liberty set forth in this draft article.
Some members felt that no right could be absolute and that there should be limits on it under certain circumstances. Proponents of the restrictions imposed on freedom said that such restrictions impede the constitution and the functioning of the state.
Other members were concerned that the restrictions provided in this draft article negate the enforcement of guaranteed freedoms. One member argued that some of the restrictions were broad and that the right of citizens to enforce such freedoms would depend on future legislatures.
Several amendments were proposed to this draft article. The major amendments were regarding the scope of the restrictions. First, a member proposed an amendment to the draft article by introducing the term ‘reasonable restrictions’, which would allow courts to review the law and eliminate arbitrary restrictions.
This amendment was adopted. Second, one member advocated that laws on sedition should not serve as restrictions on freedom of speech and expression. He said the term sedition is ambiguous and has been widely interpreted by the courts of law. This amendment was accepted without any significant debate.
Third, a member recommended that laws on contempt of court be introduced as restrictions on freedom of speech and expression. He felt that freedom of speech does not enable a person to defy contempt of court laws.
Another member opposed the amendment on the ground that it could be misused by the judges. The amendment was adopted. Several other amendments were rejected by the assembly. The draft Article, as amended, was adopted on 2 December 1949.
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