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Article 45 Of Indian Constitution In English
Article 45 – Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
The State shall endeavour to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.
Article 45 In English
45 Article – Provision of free and compulsory education for children.
The State shall endeavor to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, free and compulsory education to all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.
Note- All the things mentioned in this have been taken from the Indian Constitution itself. That is, it is the word of the constitution.
What Is Article 45 Of Indian Constitution?
In Article 45 you see “Provision for free and compulsory education for children” that means The State shall endeavour to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.
Article 45 Debate Summary
The draft Article 36 was taken up for debate in the Constituent Assembly on 23 November 1948. It provided free and compulsory education for children below the age of fourteen. An assembly member wanted to bring the clause in the draft Article 36 in line with the other Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). While most of the provisions began with the type phrase ‘State shall endeavor to…’, the draft Article 36 began with ‘Every citizen is entitled to…’ – which seeks a legally enforceable fundamental right, rather than a DPSP. Kind of reads more.
There was a proposal to replace ‘education’ with ‘elementary education’, which argued that the state should limit the scope of its duties to primary education only. One member expressed doubts about the draft Article 36 and referred to it (along with other provisions of the DPSP) as ‘sacred hope and holy will’. This type of criticism often occurred when other articles of the DPSP were debated. It was agreed that the language of the draft Article should be brought in line with the other Directive Principles.
On the question of ‘primary education’ versus ‘education’, it was clarified that the use of ‘education’ was deliberate as it was linked to Article 18 which prohibited the employment of children below 14 years of age; The object behind Article 34 of the draft was to keep children below 14 years of age in an educational institution for primary or any other form of education. The draft article was adopted with amendments.
[In 2002, the draft article adopted by the Constituent Assembly was replaced by the 86th Amendment: Provision of early childhood care and education for children below the age of six years. 45- The State shall endeavor to provide early childhood care and education for all children till they complete the age of six years.”.]
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